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><H1
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>IV. Client Interfaces</H1
><DIV
CLASS="PARTINTRO"
><A
NAME="AEN36205"
></A
><P
>    This part describes the client programming interfaces distributed
    with <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>.  Each of these chapters can be
    read independently.  Note that there are many other programming
    interfaces for client programs that are distributed separately and
    contain their own documentation (<A
HREF="external-projects.html"
>Appendix G</A
>
    lists some of the more popular ones).  Readers of this part should be
    familiar with using <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> commands to manipulate
    and query the database (see <A
HREF="sql.html"
>Part II</A
>) and of course
    with the programming language that the interface uses.
   </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
>31. <A
HREF="libpq.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> - C Library</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>31.1. <A
HREF="libpq-connect.html"
>Database Connection Control Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>31.2. <A
HREF="libpq-status.html"
>Connection Status Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>31.3. <A
HREF="libpq-exec.html"
>Command Execution Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>31.4. <A
HREF="libpq-async.html"
>Asynchronous Command Processing</A
></DT
><DT
>31.5. <A
HREF="libpq-cancel.html"
>Canceling Queries in Progress</A
></DT
><DT
>31.6. <A
HREF="libpq-fastpath.html"
>The Fast-Path Interface</A
></DT
><DT
>31.7. <A
HREF="libpq-notify.html"
>Asynchronous Notification</A
></DT
><DT
>31.8. <A
HREF="libpq-copy.html"
>Functions Associated with the <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> Command</A
></DT
><DT
>31.9. <A
HREF="libpq-control.html"
>Control Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>31.10. <A
HREF="libpq-misc.html"
>Miscellaneous Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>31.11. <A
HREF="libpq-notice-processing.html"
>Notice Processing</A
></DT
><DT
>31.12. <A
HREF="libpq-events.html"
>Event System</A
></DT
><DT
>31.13. <A
HREF="libpq-envars.html"
>Environment Variables</A
></DT
><DT
>31.14. <A
HREF="libpq-pgpass.html"
>The Password File</A
></DT
><DT
>31.15. <A
HREF="libpq-pgservice.html"
>The Connection Service File</A
></DT
><DT
>31.16. <A
HREF="libpq-ldap.html"
>LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters</A
></DT
><DT
>31.17. <A
HREF="libpq-ssl.html"
>SSL Support</A
></DT
><DT
>31.18. <A
HREF="libpq-threading.html"
>Behavior in Threaded Programs</A
></DT
><DT
>31.19. <A
HREF="libpq-build.html"
>Building <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>libpq</SPAN
> Programs</A
></DT
><DT
>31.20. <A
HREF="libpq-example.html"
>Example Programs</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>32. <A
HREF="largeobjects.html"
>Large Objects</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>32.1. <A
HREF="lo-intro.html"
>Introduction</A
></DT
><DT
>32.2. <A
HREF="lo-implementation.html"
>Implementation Features</A
></DT
><DT
>32.3. <A
HREF="lo-interfaces.html"
>Client Interfaces</A
></DT
><DT
>32.4. <A
HREF="lo-funcs.html"
>Server-side Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>32.5. <A
HREF="lo-examplesect.html"
>Example Program</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>33. <A
HREF="ecpg.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>ECPG</SPAN
> - Embedded <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SQL</ACRONYM
> in C</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>33.1. <A
HREF="ecpg-concept.html"
>The Concept</A
></DT
><DT
>33.2. <A
HREF="ecpg-connect.html"
>Managing Database Connections</A
></DT
><DT
>33.3. <A
HREF="ecpg-commands.html"
>Running SQL Commands</A
></DT
><DT
>33.4. <A
HREF="ecpg-variables.html"
>Using Host Variables</A
></DT
><DT
>33.5. <A
HREF="ecpg-dynamic.html"
>Dynamic SQL</A
></DT
><DT
>33.6. <A
HREF="ecpg-pgtypes.html"
>pgtypes Library</A
></DT
><DT
>33.7. <A
HREF="ecpg-descriptors.html"
>Using Descriptor Areas</A
></DT
><DT
>33.8. <A
HREF="ecpg-errors.html"
>Error Handling</A
></DT
><DT
>33.9. <A
HREF="ecpg-preproc.html"
>Preprocessor Directives</A
></DT
><DT
>33.10. <A
HREF="ecpg-process.html"
>Processing Embedded SQL Programs</A
></DT
><DT
>33.11. <A
HREF="ecpg-library.html"
>Library Functions</A
></DT
><DT
>33.12. <A
HREF="ecpg-lo.html"
>Large Objects</A
></DT
><DT
>33.13. <A
HREF="ecpg-cpp.html"
><ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>C++</ACRONYM
> Applications</A
></DT
><DT
>33.14. <A
HREF="ecpg-sql-commands.html"
>Embedded SQL Commands</A
></DT
><DT
>33.15. <A
HREF="ecpg-informix-compat.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>Informix</SPAN
> Compatibility Mode</A
></DT
><DT
>33.16. <A
HREF="ecpg-develop.html"
>Internals</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>34. <A
HREF="information-schema.html"
>The Information Schema</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>34.1. <A
HREF="infoschema-schema.html"
>The Schema</A
></DT
><DT
>34.2. <A
HREF="infoschema-datatypes.html"
>Data Types</A
></DT
><DT
>34.3. <A
HREF="infoschema-information-schema-catalog-name.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>information_schema_catalog_name</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.4. <A
HREF="infoschema-administrable-role-authorizations.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>administrable_role_authorizations</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.5. <A
HREF="infoschema-applicable-roles.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>applicable_roles</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.6. <A
HREF="infoschema-attributes.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>attributes</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.7. <A
HREF="infoschema-character-sets.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>character_sets</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.8. <A
HREF="infoschema-check-constraint-routine-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>check_constraint_routine_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.9. <A
HREF="infoschema-check-constraints.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>check_constraints</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.10. <A
HREF="infoschema-collations.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>collations</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.11. <A
HREF="infoschema-collation-character-set-applicab.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>collation_character_set_applicability</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.12. <A
HREF="infoschema-column-domain-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>column_domain_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.13. <A
HREF="infoschema-column-privileges.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>column_privileges</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.14. <A
HREF="infoschema-column-udt-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>column_udt_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.15. <A
HREF="infoschema-columns.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>columns</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.16. <A
HREF="infoschema-constraint-column-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>constraint_column_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.17. <A
HREF="infoschema-constraint-table-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>constraint_table_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.18. <A
HREF="infoschema-data-type-privileges.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>data_type_privileges</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.19. <A
HREF="infoschema-domain-constraints.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>domain_constraints</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.20. <A
HREF="infoschema-domain-udt-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>domain_udt_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.21. <A
HREF="infoschema-domains.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>domains</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.22. <A
HREF="infoschema-element-types.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>element_types</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.23. <A
HREF="infoschema-enabled-roles.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>enabled_roles</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.24. <A
HREF="infoschema-foreign-data-wrapper-options.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>foreign_data_wrapper_options</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.25. <A
HREF="infoschema-foreign-data-wrappers.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>foreign_data_wrappers</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.26. <A
HREF="infoschema-foreign-server-options.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>foreign_server_options</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.27. <A
HREF="infoschema-foreign-servers.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>foreign_servers</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.28. <A
HREF="infoschema-foreign-table-options.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>foreign_table_options</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.29. <A
HREF="infoschema-foreign-tables.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>foreign_tables</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.30. <A
HREF="infoschema-key-column-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>key_column_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.31. <A
HREF="infoschema-parameters.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>parameters</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.32. <A
HREF="infoschema-referential-constraints.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>referential_constraints</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.33. <A
HREF="infoschema-role-column-grants.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>role_column_grants</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.34. <A
HREF="infoschema-role-routine-grants.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>role_routine_grants</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.35. <A
HREF="infoschema-role-table-grants.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>role_table_grants</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.36. <A
HREF="infoschema-role-usage-grants.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>role_usage_grants</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.37. <A
HREF="infoschema-routine-privileges.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>routine_privileges</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.38. <A
HREF="infoschema-routines.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>routines</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.39. <A
HREF="infoschema-schemata.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>schemata</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.40. <A
HREF="infoschema-sequences.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sequences</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.41. <A
HREF="infoschema-sql-features.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sql_features</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.42. <A
HREF="infoschema-sql-implementation-info.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sql_implementation_info</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.43. <A
HREF="infoschema-sql-languages.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sql_languages</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.44. <A
HREF="infoschema-sql-packages.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sql_packages</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.45. <A
HREF="infoschema-sql-parts.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sql_parts</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.46. <A
HREF="infoschema-sql-sizing.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sql_sizing</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.47. <A
HREF="infoschema-sql-sizing-profiles.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>sql_sizing_profiles</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.48. <A
HREF="infoschema-table-constraints.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>table_constraints</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.49. <A
HREF="infoschema-table-privileges.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>table_privileges</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.50. <A
HREF="infoschema-tables.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>tables</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.51. <A
HREF="infoschema-triggered-update-columns.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>triggered_update_columns</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.52. <A
HREF="infoschema-triggers.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>triggers</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.53. <A
HREF="infoschema-usage-privileges.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>usage_privileges</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.54. <A
HREF="infoschema-user-mapping-options.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>user_mapping_options</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.55. <A
HREF="infoschema-user-mappings.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>user_mappings</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.56. <A
HREF="infoschema-view-column-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>view_column_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.57. <A
HREF="infoschema-view-routine-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>view_routine_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.58. <A
HREF="infoschema-view-table-usage.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>view_table_usage</TT
></A
></DT
><DT
>34.59. <A
HREF="infoschema-views.html"
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>views</TT
></A
></DT
></DL
></DD
></DL
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